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Adult ADHD and Comorbid Disorders Many people suffering from ADHD suffer from comorbid disorders, like major depression (Kessler and co., 2006). Many patients who are depressed are not able to respond well to medication and could benefit from therapy. Neurotransmitters are brain chemicals that regulate and boost levels of certain brain chemicals. Commonly prescribed stimulants include amphetamine, methylphenidate, and similar drugs. Medicines Adults can take a variety of medications to treat ADHD in children. However the dosages differ and the drugs can cause adverse effects that aren't present in children. The doctor will take a look at the medical history, family health history and other conditions of an individual to determine which medicine is the best for them. The most common kind of ADHD medication is a stimulant. It adjusts levels of two chemical messengers in the brain, norepinephrine as well as dopamine. natural add treatment as methylphenidate (also called Adderall), and dextroamphetamine boost the supply of neurotransmitters, which help improve focus, reduce impulsivity and reduce aggression. They come in various forms such as chewable tablets, liquids, and skin patches. These long-acting stimulants are favored as they lead to better patient compliance and more consistent, long-lasting improvement of symptoms. It is important to remember that comorbid conditions such as anxiety and depression may influence the response to ADHD medication. Therefore, it is recommended that these disorders be treated first and medication used as a secondary measure. The medications that can be used to treat comorbid mood disorders include bupropion, atomoxetine and tricyclic antidepressants (Wilens 2004).). Certain patients may experience some patients may experience a “rebound” effect, where they experience worsening of ADHD symptoms after discontinuing stimulant medication. In these instances, a short-term trial of an atypical stimulant drug could be helpful. Certain people are not able to take stimulant medication or take it due to drug misuse or other health conditions such as severe hypertension or heart issues. In these cases, non-stimulant medications such as atomoxetine and viloxazine can be effective. These drugs do not have the same high rates of side effects as stimulants and have less risk of abuse and diversion. Psychotherapy Psychotherapy (talk therapy) is a great option for those suffering from ADHD. It can help them gain skills to improve their life to manage anxiety and stress, work out conflicts, and cope with problems in relationships or at work. It can also help those suffering from mental illness that are co-existing like depression and addiction disorders. Talk therapies include cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), mind-body cognitive therapy, as well as schema therapy. These treatments are based on the belief that one's beliefs and thoughts affect how they behave, think and feel. CBT assists individuals in identifying negative patterns of behavior and thoughts and then develop and implement strategies to alter these. Meditation techniques are employed in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to help people focus on their emotions and thoughts to control their impulses and improve executive functioning. Schema therapy and other types of psychotherapy focusing on the family history of a person could be beneficial for those who suffer from ADHD who have significant secondary issues. In addition to medication, psychotherapy can help address the specific problems caused by ADHD problems, like having trouble keeping up with schoolwork, resolving conflicts, being able to get along with others, ignoring important dates or obligations and making impulsive choices that result in legal or financial problems. Psychotherapy can help someone overcome underlying issues such as anxiety and depression that could contribute to their ADHD symptoms. Psychotherapy can help people find healthy coping techniques and reduce stress. For instance exercising, improving sleep and healthy eating habits. It can also offer support to a spouse or family member who may be dealing with the effects of ADHD on their relationship. Therapy for families and marriage helps families and couples learn to communicate better and manage ADHD symptoms together. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) CBT is a kind of psychotherapy which focuses on helping clients to change their negative patterns of thinking. It utilizes skill-based dialogue with a trained mental health professional (a therapist) to address the underlying causes of their symptoms. This therapy aims to help patients overcome impairments and develop coping skills that are in line with their daily routines. Therapists who specialize in adult ADHD-CBT teach clients to recognize unhelpful thoughts and help them develop skills to replace them with more productive thoughts. This process can take a while. But it is an effective alternative for adults who are not getting adequate relief from medication. A recent RCT study has found that when paired with medication, CBT is superior to cognitive behavioral therapy on its own in reducing the core symptoms, emotional symptoms self-esteem, and social functioning of adults with ADHD (Clarke and co., 2017). CBT when combined with methylphenidate may be particularly effective for people who have more severe underlying problems. The therapists who provide this type of treatment typically collaborate with the client to devise an action plan specific to addressing their problems. They train them in a series of practical skills that are easy to master and have a high probability of success. Typically, a chart system is utilized to track progress and reward positive behaviour. This might include a daily report for children that lists the tasks they are required to finish at school or the positive behavior that must be demonstrated, and an approach to monitoring and earning rewards. Therapists can also talk about the possibility that negative consequences could be inflicted upon a child who isn't able to finish their work. This can be done with sensitivity and support. Metacognitive Therapy A more recent form of therapy, metacognitive therapy, helps people change the way they think. This type of treatment can be beneficial for people who suffer from a variety of mental health problems such as depression. It is a kind of cognitive behavior therapy that assists people in recognizing negative thought patterns and their impact on their emotions. This type of therapy helps individuals develop mental tools that are flexible and useful. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between metacognitive capabilities and daily functioning among adults with ADHD. To accomplish this, we compared self and informant-rated impairments in daily functioning with the predictors of metacognition (comprehensive Knowledge, Regulation of Cognition, Debugging Information Management and Evaluation). The results indicated that comprehensive knowledge was linked to daily functioning in adults with ADHD, but not regulatory processes. The predictive ability of a model incorporating metacognition predictors was moderate, indicating that they can account for a significant amount of the variance in daily functioning of adults with ADHD. Metacognitive therapy (MCT) is a type of psychotherapy which focuses on changing metacognitive beliefs that cause states of worry, rumination and attention fixation. MCT was created by Adrian Wells based on an information processing model developed by Wells and Gerald Matthews. MCT has been shown to be effective in treating anxiety disorder. However, it is still an emerging treatment and more research is required to determine if it could aid in other disorders. This study was conceived to evaluate the efficacy of MCT to treat symptoms of illness anxiety disorder. However it could be used to treat a variety disorders and is more effective than other therapy. This is not a cure, but it could be utilized to treat ADHD. Family Therapy In family therapy, the therapy therapist works with the entire family. This allows all members to be aware of the issues facing the client and to learn how they can support their loved ones better. It also helps them cope with their anger and develop more effective communication skills. This kind of counseling can be used to tackle other comorbidities, such as addiction and depression that are commonly associated as a result of ADHD. The therapist will begin with an intake session in order to better understand the family's perception and determine whether they are appropriate for family intervention. It can be done in person or online. The counselor will explain to each client the nature of treatment and the do's & don'ts for family therapy. A therapist who has experience in treating adults with ADHD will ask lots of questions to gain an understanding of the client's current symptoms, their history, and their impact on their work and family life as well as relationships. They will also inquire whether any other mental health issues are present, like anxiety or depression. Cognitive behavioral therapy is a structured kind of counseling that teaches you to manage your behavior and change negative thinking patterns to positive ones. It focuses on improving self-esteem and self control by teaching you how to handle anger and stress. This is a short-term solution that can be utilized in conjunction with other types psychotherapy. Individual therapy can help those with ADHD deal with emotional baggage from longstanding patterns of failure, underachievement academic issues, frequent job changes and relationship conflict. It can teach you strategies for managing stress and coping and help you manage your time and finances more efficiently. It can be used to treat comorbid conditions, such as anxiety and mood disorders, which are often seen alongside ADHD.